Admission Essay on The Role of the Nurse Anesthetist

Introduction A nurse anesthetist (CRNA) is an Advanced Practice Nurse who is specially trained to administer anesthetics to those patients who are undergoing dental, medical or obstetrical procedures (McIntosh, 1995). The specialty of nurse anesthetics was created to respond to surgeons’ requests for a solution to the alarmingly high rates of mortality and morbidity caused by anesthesia during that time. The surgeons visualized nurse anesthetists as professionals who would devote themselves to patient care in the course of surgical procedures. With time, nurse anesthetists became part of the whole range of specialized surgical procedures, refinement in anesthetic equipment and techniques. In order to qualify for studies as a CRNA, the candidate must possess a Bachelor of Science in nursing degree. The candidate must also be a registered nurse with at least one year experience in acute care. Some programs may require the candidate to have experience of two years either in critical care or the operating room. The CRNA program itself runs for approximately 2-3 years and includes clinical training and a graduate degree. After the completion of training, the nurse anesthetist must undertake an exam to obtain national certification to qualify as a CRNA. It is a requirement that CRNAs must be recertified every 2 years and must demonstrate credits of continuing education which are specific to the area of specialty. The CRNA must also give proof of satisfying a designated amount of time that has been spent in the provision of anesthesia to patients (Nagelhout and Zaglanicziny, 2001). Duties and Responsibilities of the Nurse Anesthetist CRNAs usually work together with anesthesiologists (Medical Doctor) but can also work independently (Dulisse and Cromwell, 2010). Their duties are mainly related to operative procedures. In the operating room, the first step for a CRNA is to evaluate the patient before administering anesthesia. This generally includes a review of the patient’s medical history and discussions about the anesthetic procedures with the patient so as to obtain informed consent for the use of anesthesia. The next step for the CRNA is to formulate and implement the anesthetic care plan. This plan should outline the needs or requirements, treatment and expected results for regarding the patient. The CRNA also chooses the appropriate mode of delivery of anesthesia to the patient. As the operative procedure continues, the CRNA keeps administering any anesthesia, adjunctive fluids or medications which may be required to maintain the anesthetic state and patients’ homeostasis. The CRNA is also charged with the duty of managing the oxygen saturation and pulmonary status of the patient. The CRNA also monitors the physiological status of the patient. These include hemodynamics, vital signs and equipment (heart monitors and ventilation systems). The CRNA must be able to quickly detect abnormal responses like anaphylaxis and malignant hyperthermia which may be fatal if not recognized early enough. After the procedure, the CRNA must assess the recovery of the patient from the anesthesia and determine at what point the patient is discharged (McIntosh, 1995). Conclusion CRNAs are very important professionals in the operative room. In addition to their traditional roles, CRNAs may practice in chronic and acute pain management through specialized techniques. They may also opt to specialize in patient populations like geriatrics, pediatrics, neurology or obstetrics. The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) advise that the continuing necessity for safe, available and   effective anesthetic care ensures that the nurse anesthetist will continue to be   a much sought after professional (Dulisse and Cromwell, 2010). References Dulisse,  B.,  and Cromwell,  J.  (2010). No Harm Found When Nurse Anesthetists Work Without Supervision By Physicians.  Health Affairs,  29(8),  1469-75. McIntosh, L.  (1995). Essentials of Nurse Anesthesia.  New Jersey: McGraw Hill. Nagelhout, J. and Zaglaniczny K. (2001).  Nurse Anesthesia.  2nd ed. Pasadena: Kaiser Permanente.

The Key Computing Trends Driving The Need For Improvement...

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Today we are living in the era of internet where everything depends on it. As the days and years passes, traffic on internet is increasing abundantly, users wants high speed internet which can give the result of their aspired question within a fraction of seconds. To accomplish the requirement of the user, the need for improvement of existing network architecture. Here comes the role of SDN which is an emerging network architecture, our project is based on it which is discussed in later chapters. In the introduction part we are going to check about SDN and its related components. Software Defined Networking ( SDN ) â€Å"Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture where network control is decoupled from forwarding and is directly programmable†. [1] The key computing trends driving the need for a new network paradigm include the following: †¢ Changing traffic patterns: Applications that commonly access geographically distributed databases and servers through public and private clouds require extremely flexible traffic management and access to bandwidth on demand. †¢ The â€Å"consumerization of IT†: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) trend requires networks that are both flexible and secure. †¢ The rise of cloud services: Users expect on-demand access to applications, infrastructure, and other IT resources. †¢ â€Å"Big data† means more bandwidth: Handling today’s mega datasets requires massive parallel processing that is fueling a constant demandShow MoreRelated4g Communication22481 Words   |  90 Pagesadvanced techniques emerging in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. With this rapid development it is expected that fourth generation mobile systems will be launched within decades. 4G mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies. This contrasts with 3G, which merely focuses on developing new standards and hardware. 4G systems will support comprehensive and personalized services, providing stable system performance and quality service. 4G doesn tRead MoreSwot Analysis of Cloud Computing5927 Words   |  24 PagesAnalysis and Porter’s five forces model | Trade Dynamics System | SWOT Analysis and Porter’s five forces model | PART I PART I Executive Summary: Trade Dynamic System dealing with provision of solutions through developing and providing Cloud Computing based software applications to businesses / Commercial organizations including Profit and Non-profit organizations according to their requirements. Currently our target market is those companies that are dealings in Trading / Exporting and ImportingRead MoreInformation Technology Management8338 Words   |  34 Pagesprocesses and evolving into digital firms. The Internet has stimulated globalization by dramatically reducing the costs of producing, buying, and selling goods on a global scale. New information system trends include the emerging mobile digital platform, online software as a service, and cloud computing. 2. Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? Information systems are a foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and theRead MoreCognizant : Technology Innovation And A New Generation Of Employee Essay2044 Words   |  9 Pagestransformed by social networks, mobile devices, big data analytics and cloud computing. We can help clients use these technologies to find new ways to increase operational flexibility, lower costs and decrease time to market. Company’s Strategy Digital Strategy and Innovation: Consultants define digital business strategies aligned to business objectives leveraging the latest digital capabilities to produce sustainable competitive advantage. Cognizant focus on addressing key issues: †¢ Do we haveRead MoreDesko case analysis Essay examples4893 Words   |  20 Pagesof choice the firm has in switching to a different supplier in the event of hike in prices by a supplier. This means that Desko has significant power in this aspect. 2. Buyer Power: This force refers to the power of customers over the firm in driving the prices down. With two of the three customer segments of Desko constantly requesting the prices to be lowered, the buyers have more power over the firm. The effects of this power are so intense that Desko preferred to manufacturing low pricedRead MoreMobile Cloud Computing And Technology3293 Words   |  14 Pagestechnology occur, mobile cloud computing is able to overcome the issue of resource poverty that occurs in mobile devices. Manufacturers now look at cloud computing as an asset because they can run their products better. The number of businesses and individuals that are investing in cloud computing services is anticipated to grow rapidly. Rapid growth of this nature will have a large impact in the IT industry. This study shows that cloud computing, including mobile computing, is a major contributionRead MoreSupply Chain Business Intelligence Technologies, Issues and Trends9649 Words   |  39 PagesSupply Chain Business Intelligence: Technologies, Issues and Trends Nenad Stefanovic1 and Dusan Stefanovic2 Zastava Automobiles, Information Systems Department, Kragujevac, Serbia nenad@automobili.zastava.net, www.zastava-automobili.com 2 Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia dusans@kg.ac.yu, www.pmf.kg.ac.yu 1 Abstract. Supply chains are complex systems with silos of information that are very difficult to integrate and analyze. The best way to effectively analyze these disparateRead MoreSummary of Text Book: Essentials of Management Information Systems8717 Words   |  35 Pagesproducts. IS enhances this business process by automating manual processes, sharing information instantly. FiOS (Pg. 79) Verizon FiOS is a bundled Internet access, telephone, and television service which operates over a fiber-optic communications network. Contrast with cable. Benchmarking Benchmarking involves comparing the efficiency and effectiveness of your business processes against strict standards and then measuring performance against those standards. Best Practices Industry best practicesRead MoreManagement Information Systems22991 Words   |  92 Pagesfield that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is called: A) information systems literacy. B) information systems architecture. C) management information systems. D) information technology infrastructure. 17) A hierarchy: A) results in a clear-cut division of labor. B) is composed primarily of experts trained for different functions. C) is a pyramid structure ofRead MoreSoftware Architecture in Banking8917 Words   |  36 PagesCSSE 377 – Software Architecture Design II Software Architecture in Banking A Comparative Paper on the Effectiveness of Different Software Architectures Within an Financial Banking System JD Hill Andrew Robby Kruth Joe Salisbury Sam Varga 11/9/2010 Introduction Software architecture design is an important aspect of our daily lives whether we know it or not. There are so many different systems that we interact with on a daily basis that we do not recognize are closely tied to software

What does it all mean By Nagel Free Essays

What does it all mean by Nagel is often referred to as the little book of philosophy amongst critics. This is because the book gives the reader a compact overview of all the fundamental constituents of philosophy such as the dualism of the mind and the body and more complex topics such as the meaning of the existence of man and his consciousness. The attribute that differentiates Nagel’s work from other works on introductions to philosophy and its content is that Nagel uses language that welcomes the new student of philosophy in to the subject. We will write a custom essay sample on What does it all mean By Nagel or any similar topic only for you Order Now We see this book as one that allows the layman to acquire a basic knowledge of what to expect in further studies into philosophy (Nagel, 1987). The introductory chapter allows for a gentle entrance into the world of philosophy and welcomes the reader to the nature of questions that are to follow in the study of philosophy. In â€Å"How Do We Know Anything? † the second chapter, Nagel states that the world around us is the reality because we can study it and substantiate it, and similarly all the constituents of the world and all the theories are true only if they can be studied and substantiated for their content. In the third chapter â€Å"Other Minds†, Nagel is of the opinion that if one person finds a particular external stimulus pleasant, it is not reasonable to conclude that the next person receives the stimulus with the same interest since the only way for the first person to have come to a conclusion regarding the stimulus is through experiencing it In Chapter 4, ‘The Mind-Body Problem’, Nagel presents to the reader the direct union between the mind and the human consciousness and concludes that in order for consciousness to experience an event, the brain has to receive a stimulus. In Chapter 5, Nagel talks about the perceptions of the words we use and the names we give to the elements of the world around us and if the words we use are truly of any significance or not. In Chapter 6, Nagel argues upon the free will that we exercise and whether or not our will actually is independent and if it is of any actual significance. In Chapter 7, ‘Right and Wrong’, Nagel criticizes the definitions of right and wrong that man uses to manage the day to day activities of his life and questions the legitimacy of those definitions. In Chapter 8, ‘Justice’, Nagel argues upon the justice and inequality of the universe that man dwells in that is beyond the control of man himself. He argues whether it is correct to oppose the occurrence of events of such uncontrollable nature. Chapter 9 discusses the bleakness of Death and the perception that we have for it and the question of it really being that we believe it to be. In Chapter 10, ‘The Meaning of Life, Nagel hits on a chord that is the most sought after in all segments of society. Nagel argues over the reality of the meaning, existence and expectation of life. Nagel uses his trademark method of writing that inspires inquisition in the minds of the reader and allows the reader an opportunity to get a taste of the levels of realization that the subject has to offer and does so without confusing the reader through jargon. How to cite What does it all mean By Nagel, Papers

Mock Exam free essay sample

No part of this examination may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission from Kaplan Publishing. The text in this material and any others made available by any Kaplan Group company does not amount to advice on a particular matter and should not be taken as such. No reliance should be placed on the content as the basis for any investment or other decision or in connection with any advice given to third parties. Please consult your appropriate professional adviser as necessary. The unit sales price, unit variable cost and total fixed costs in year 1 are expected to be $100, $40 and $1 million respectively. After year 1 prices and costs are expected to rise at the same rate as the previous year’s level of inflation in the USA; this is forecast to be 5% per year for the next five years. We will write a custom essay sample on Mock Exam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, a fixed royalty of ? 5 per unit will be payable to the parent company, payment to be made at the end of each year. Brookday has a four year planning horizon and estimates that the realisable value of the fixed assets in four years’ time will be $20 million. It is the company’s policy to remit the maximum funds possible to the parent company at the end of each year. Assume that there are no legal complications to prevent this. Brookday currently exports to the USA yielding an after-tax net cash flow of ? 100,000. No production will be exported to the USA if the subsidiary is established. It is expected that new export markets of a similar worth in Southern Europe could replace exports to the USA. United Kingdom production is at full capacity and there are no plans for further expansion in capacity. Tax on the company’s profits is at a rate of 50% in both countries, payable one year in arrears. A double taxation treaty exists between the UK and USA and no double taxation is expected to arise. No withholding tax is levied on royalties payable from the USA to the UK. Tax allowable depreciation is at a rate of 25% on a straight line basis on all fixed assets. Brookday believes that the appropriate beta for this investment is 1. 2. The market rate of return is 12%, and the risk-free rate is 7%. The current spot exchange rate is US $1. 300/? 1, and the pound is expected to fall in value by approximately 5% per year relative to the US dollar. Required: (a) Evaluate the proposed investment from the viewpoint of Brookday plc. State clearly any assumptions that you make. (20 marks) (b) What further information and analysis might be useful in the evaluation of this project? (10 marks) Briefly discuss ethical issues that might need to be considered as part of a multinational company’s investment decision process (5 marks) (Total: 35 marks) (c) Page 10 of 14 KAPLAN PUBLISHING Revision Mock Questions SECTION B TWO QUESTIONS ONLY TO BE ATTEMPTED QUESTION 3 The following data relates to a large company operating in the electronics industry. 0X3 After tax earnings (? million) Dividend per share (pence) Number of ordinary shares (million) Average share price (pence) Net capital investment (? million) Annual increase in inflation (%) 130 9. 75 508 740 210 4 20X4 195 11. 0 600 875 270 4 20X5 255 12. 75 650 690 340 3 20X6 295 14. 0 695 20X7 472 15. 5 930 820 1,012 410 520 3 3 A major institutional shareholder has criticised the level of dividend payment of the company suggesting that it should be substantially increased. Required: (a) Briefly discuss the factors that are likely to influence the companys dividend policy. 6 marks) Discuss whether or not the institutional shareholders criticism is likely to be valid. (6 marks) Hiome plc has experienced a period of above average growth for its industry, but is now growing at a normal rate of about 10% per annum. The company’s directors are reviewing the current dividend policy. One director has suggested that, as the company no longer needs as much internally generated funds to finance new investment, a higher proportion of earnings should be paid out as dividends in order to benefit the company’s shareholders. Another director has read that two eminent economists, Miller and Modigliani, have stated that the pattern of dividend payouts is irrelevant, and therefore shareholders will experience no gain from a higher level of dividends. Discuss whether or not an increase in dividends is likely to benefit the shareholders of Hiome plc. (8 marks) (Total: 20 marks) (b) (c) KAPLAN PUBLISHING Page 11 of 14 ACCA P4 Advanced Financial Management QUESTION 4 (a) One of the most important elements of any decision is the specification of goals or objectives which the decision maker seeks to achieve. The literature on capital budgeting, or investment appraisal, generally assumes the goal of a company is the maximisation of shareholder wealth. Required: Discuss the rationale for this assumption. Include in your discussion an explanation of alternative goals available to companies. (12 marks) (b) XYZ plc is a medium-sized company operating in the chemical industry. It is a profitable business, currently producing at below maximum capacity. It has one large factory located on the outskirts of a small industrial town. It is the region’s main employer. The company is evaluating a project which has substantial environmental implications. Required: Discuss the inclusion of environmental costs and benefits into the investment appraisal process, and explain how this might be done. (8 marks) (Total: 20 marks) QUESTION 5 Island Energy Ltd is a small private company on the Island of Senyeh ? a small island whose company law and accountancy practices are based on those of the UK. The company is the monopoly provider of all domestic fuels (electricity, gas and heating oil). The company imports oils and gas and generates and distributes its own electricity. The company currently has 20 staff working on engineering and electrical work at varying level of skills and three clerk/typists. The company at present does not have any management staff: the previous Managing Director (an engineer) resigned at the end of 2006 and has not been replaced; the Chairman (a retired engineer) has taken over the dayto-day management. The remaining board members are also all retired and comprise two lawyers, a teacher, a politician, an engineer and an operations director for a shipping company. Their role is simply to rubber-stamp the Chairman’s decisions – none of them takes an active role in the company and there have been board meetings where it has been difficult to obtain a quorum. Recently the island’s press has started to express concern about the way the company is being run – partly in reaction to public dismay at the resignation of the MD who was felt to be more approachable than the Chairman, and partly because the company is seen to be spending vast sums of money on capital equipment and worries have started to emerge about how this will impact on the price of fuel. Fuel prices on Senyeh are currently 20% above those on other islands in the region. Page 12 of 14 KAPLAN PUBLISHING Revision Mock Questions Pengers, a member of the government of Senyeh has recently read an article about corporate failure and thinks that Island Energy Ltd may fit some of the criteria; Lakes, another government member, disagrees – arguing that the Chairman has been in place for several years ? and has asked you, a newly qualified ACCA accountant, to apply the model to show that there is no reason for concern. N. B. Accounting data for the company is presented in the Appendix to this question.